站長(zhǎng)資訊網(wǎng)什么是Nginx?
Nginx (“engine x”) 是一個(gè)高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服務(wù)器，也是一個(gè) IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務(wù)器，在高連接并發(fā)的情況下Nginx 是 Apache 服務(wù)器不錯(cuò)的替代品.其特點(diǎn)是占有內(nèi)存少，并發(fā)能力強(qiáng)，事實(shí)上nginx的并發(fā)能力確實(shí)在同類型的網(wǎng)頁(yè)服務(wù)器中表現(xiàn)較好.目前中國(guó)大陸使用nginx網(wǎng)站用戶有：新浪、網(wǎng)易、 騰訊，另外知名的微網(wǎng)志Plurk也使用nginx。
Nginx 作為 負(fù)載均衡 服務(wù)器：
Nginx 既可以在內(nèi)部直接支持 Rails 和 PHP 程序?qū)ν膺M(jìn)行服務(wù)，也可以支持作為 HTTP 代理服務(wù)器對(duì)外進(jìn)行服務(wù)。 Nginx 采用 C 進(jìn)行編寫， 不論是系統(tǒng)資源開銷還是 CPU 使用效率都比 Perlbal 要好很多。作為郵件代理服務(wù)器：
Nginx 同時(shí)也是一個(gè)非常優(yōu)秀的郵件代理服務(wù)器（最早開發(fā)這個(gè)產(chǎn)品的目的之一也是作為郵件代理服務(wù)器）， Last.fm 描述了成功并且美妙的使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Nginx 是一個(gè)安裝非常簡(jiǎn)單，配置文件非常簡(jiǎn)潔（還能夠支持perl語(yǔ)法）， Bugs非常少的服務(wù)器： Nginx 啟動(dòng)特別容易，并且?guī)缀蹩梢宰龅?nbsp;7*24 不間斷運(yùn)行，即使運(yùn)行數(shù)個(gè)月也不需要重新啟動(dòng)。 你還能夠不間斷服務(wù)的情況下進(jìn)行軟件版本的升級(jí)。
官網(wǎng)下載
點(diǎn)擊下載
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
安裝依賴軟件
##安裝編譯工具 gcc
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y gcc
##安裝PCRE庫(kù)，pcre提供編譯版本的庫(kù)，pcre-devel提供開發(fā)階段的頭文件和編譯項(xiàng)目的源代碼。
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
##安裝OpenSSL加密庫(kù)，nginx中如果服務(wù)器需要提供安全網(wǎng)頁(yè)則會(huì)用到OpenSSL庫(kù)
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
##安裝zlib庫(kù)，zlib庫(kù)提供了壓縮算法，在nginx的各種模塊中需要使用gzip壓縮
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
解壓
[root@nginx ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2 nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
查看模塊
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.15.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –help ##查看參數(shù)
–help print this message
–prefix=PATH nginx安裝路徑
–sbin-path=PATH nginx二進(jìn)制執(zhí)行文件路徑
–modules-path=PATH set modules path
–conf-path=PATH nginx配置文件存放位置
–error-log-path=PATH 錯(cuò)誤日志文件路徑
–pid-path=PATH nginx.pid文件路徑(pid文件包含進(jìn)程的標(biāo)識(shí)符）
–lock-path=PATH 鎖文件存放路徑(鎖文件(nginx.log)用于控制nginx進(jìn)程沒有被啟動(dòng)兩次)）
–user=USER 指定啟動(dòng)nginx進(jìn)程的默認(rèn)用戶;set non-privileged user for worker processes
–group=GROUP 指定啟動(dòng)nginx進(jìn)程的默認(rèn)用戶組;set non-privileged group for worker processes
–build=NAME set build name
–builddir=DIR set build directory
–with-select_module enable select module
–without-select_module disable select module
–with-poll_module enable poll module
–without-poll_module disable poll module
–with-threads enable thread pool support
–with-file-aio enable file AIO support
–with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module
–with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module
–with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module
–with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module
–with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module
–with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module
–with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module
–with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic
enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module
–with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module
–with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module
–with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module
–with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module
–with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module
–with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module
–with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module
–with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module
–with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module
–with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module
–with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module
–with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module
–with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module
–with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module
–without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module
–without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module
–without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module
–without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module
–without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module
–without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module
–without-http_mirror_module disable ngx_http_mirror_module
–without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module
–without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module
–without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module
–without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module
–without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module
–without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module
–without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module
–without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module
–without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module
–without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module
–without-http_grpc_module disable ngx_http_grpc_module
–without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module
–without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module
–without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module
–without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module
–without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module
–without-http_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module
–without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module
–without-http_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module
–without-http_upstream_random_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_random_module
–without-http_upstream_keepalive_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module
–without-http_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module
–with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module
–with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module
–with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path
–with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname
–http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname
–http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http client request body temporary files
–http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http proxy temporary files
–http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http fastcgi temporary files
–http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http uwsgi temporary files
–http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http scgi temporary files
–without-http disable HTTP server
–without-http-cache disable HTTP cache
–with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
–with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
–with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module
–without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module
–without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module
–without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module
–with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module
–with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module
–with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module
–with-stream_realip_module enable ngx_stream_realip_module
–with-stream_geoip_module enable ngx_stream_geoip_module
–with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_stream_geoip_module
–with-stream_ssl_preread_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module
–without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module
–without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module
–without-stream_geo_module disable ngx_stream_geo_module
–without-stream_map_module disable ngx_stream_map_module
–without-stream_split_clients_module
disable ngx_stream_split_clients_module
–without-stream_return_module disable ngx_stream_return_module
–without-stream_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module
–without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module
–without-stream_upstream_random_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_random_module
–without-stream_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module
–with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module
–with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module
–add-module=PATH enable external module
–add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module
–with-compat dynamic modules compatibility
–with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname
–with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname
–with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options
–with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options
–with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64
–without-pcre disable PCRE library usage
–with-pcre force PCRE library usage
–with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources
–with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE
–with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support
–with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources
–with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib
–with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized
for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro
–with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage
–with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources
–with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources
–with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL
–with-debug enable debug logging
添加模塊，編譯
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-file-aio –with-threads –user=nginx –group=nginx
編譯成功后執(zhí)行安裝命令
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make && make install
添加用戶
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
創(chuàng)建軟鏈接，便于啟動(dòng)
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
開啟Nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ps ax| grep nginx
7066 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
7067 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
7069 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep –color=auto nginx
至此，已經(jīng)成功安裝Nginx，訪問 http:ip
平滑加載
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s reload
關(guān)閉Nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s stop
編譯時(shí)選擇需要的模塊不同，或者需要改變安裝路徑、用戶等，則要重新編譯或者重新安裝Nginx
重新編譯
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2 nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.15.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/web/nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-file-aio –with-threads –user=nginx –group=nginx
##注意重新編譯僅僅 make 不用 make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ps xa| grep nginx
9728 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
9729 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
9732 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep –color=auto nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s stop
重新安裝
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2 nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.15.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-file-aio –with-threads –user=nginx –group=nginx
##注意重新安裝nginx時(shí)，需要 make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ps xa| grep nginx
12419 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
12420 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
12422 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep –color=auto nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s stop
